Simulations can take a wide variety of forms, ranging from human-run war-game scenarios used in military training, to the recreation of real-world dynamics within virtual environments. In our context we are referring to interactive software simulations of real world activities.
The hardware on which interactive simulations are run is itself varied. Simple simulations can be run on modest PCs with standard keyboard and mouse-based inputs, providing maximum accessibility for users and low hardware costs. At the other end of the spectrum, large scale or highly specialised simulations can require custom-built PCs and specialised input and output devices. Replica vehicle cabins, including full-vision video displays and authentic controls, are common in high-end simulators.
Interactive simulations are typically used to augment traditional training methods. While simulations can’t replace real-world experience, they offer an excellent environment for newcomers to practise what may otherwise be a dangerous or costly activity.
For example, while a high-end flight simulator is an expensive tool, they allow new pilots to familiarise themselves with aircraft or flight procedures without requiring access to, or flight time with, an actual aircraft and at only a fraction of the cost.
They can also present scenarios such as in-flight emergencies, which often can not be practised with real aircraft at all. Furthermore, a simulated emergency does not cause real-world injury or damage.
Generally speaking, simulators are not instructional in and of themselves. However, they provide a virtual environment in which additional training or evaluation can be provided.
In order to create a simulation, the problem space must first be defined. What must the software simulate, and what is its purpose?
Once this is defined, all relevant dynamics and interactions must be accurately modelled. In the case of a flight simulator, this includes factors such as the physics of flight, aircraft characteristics, relevant laws and regulations, and applicable procedures and protocols. Depending on the client’s requirements, decisions must be made about which aspects will or won’t be simulated.
When the model is ready it is implemented as a software package. This software is then tested for accuracy with the aid of subject matter experts. The model and its parameters are then refined until the simulation’s accuracy meets the client’s needs.